The method(s) the software supports or requires to authenticate users or systems (e.g., none, basic auth, API keys, OAuth2/OIDC, SAML, LDAP, SSH keys, token-based authentication). Authentication Scheme The category of how the software is deployed or delivered for use (e.g., local/desktop, web application, cloud/SaaS, on-prem service, containerized deployment, mobile app, library/package, HPC/batch workflow). Deployment Type The quality assurance practices the software reports having in place (e.g., testing strategy, CI pipelines, code review, static analysis, test coverage reporting, release checks), as stated in documentation or project metadata. Qualtiy assurance of a software Software Quality Assurance (QA) The standards or specifications that the software reports/claims it conforms to (typically as a list of named standards and versions), as stated in documentation, metadata, or a conformance statement Reported Conformance Standards A reference that identifies where a container image for the software can be retrieved, such as an image name and tag/digest in a registry (e.g., ghcr.io/org/tool:1.2.0 or a Docker Hub image URL). Container image reference (identifier/location of a container image) Software Image Container The external (third-party or separately hosted) services that the software invokes during operation (e.g., authentication providers, payment services, mapping APIs, cloud storage, telemetry/monitoring endpoints), typically including service names and/or endpoints. External Services Called The external software components (libraries, packages, frameworks, runtimes, or system tools) that the software requires to install, build, or run, often including version constraints. Software Dependencies The data or artifacts, files, parameters, reports, or signals produced by a software component as a result of its operation, typically passed to other components or returned to the caller. Software Component Output(s) The data, parameters, files, or artifacts consumed by a software component to perform its function. Software Component Inputs The category of a software component based on its role or function within a software system (e.g., library, module, plugin, service, API, UI component, database, workflow step). Software Component Type The organization of a software into components/modules and their relationships (e.g., layers, packages, services, plugins, dependencies, and how these interact). Software Component Structure A maintained record describing changes made between software versions, such as added features, fixes, security patches, deprecations, and known issues. Software Changelog An indicator stating whether a repository is recognised as a “trusted repository” according to a specified policy, standard, or certification scheme (e.g., certified/approved vs not, or the specific certification held). Trusted Repository Indicator A resource that provides access to instructions regarding how software operates or how to use it. Software Documentation A documented plan describing how the software will be maintained, supported, governed, and resourced over time (e.g., maintenance responsibilities, funding model, community strategy, release/support policy, and succession/archiving plans). Software Sustainability Plan The sustainability plan of a software The assessed maturity level of the software on a defined Technology Readiness Level scale (e.g., TRL 1–9), indicating how close it is to operational use and deployment. Software TRL Software Technology Readiness Level (TRL) The purpose or application the software is designed for, as stated by its developers or documentation (e.g., data analysis, image segmentation, molecular dynamics simulation, workflow management). Software Intended Use The intended use of a software The organization, program, or individual that provided financial support for developing or maintaining a software (e.g., a research grant, company budget, foundation funding, donations). Software Funding Source The funding source of a software The repository hosting service on which the source code of a software is published or maintained (e.g., GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket). Source Code Hosting Platform Source Code Repository A formal language in which computer programs are written. The definition of a particular language consists of both syntax (how the various symbols of the language may be combined) and semantics (the meaning of the language constructs). Has programming language Programming Language they have an annual duration or a biennial cycle, where the larval development period can exceed twelve months. slow-developing larvae adults reproduce from late summer to late autumn, and in some cases, early winter. Larvae develop more slowly and are dependent on an obligatory dormancy that requires a drop in temperature to proceed. Development can thus last 8–9 months. winter larvae adults reproduce in spring or summer. Larvae grow rapidly and are strictly temperature-dependent, without dormancy. Development is often very fast (a few weeks). This reproductive adaptation can essentially be defined as "opportunistic." summer larvae Manubrium is a part that supports mouth Manubrium species endemic to Sicily island, Italy Italian endemic Sicily SICI 3900.21 species endemic to Sardinia island, Italy Italian endemic Sardinia SARD 3900.20 species endemic to Italian Apennines Italian endemic Apennines APPE 3900.13 species endemic to the Italian Alps Italian endemic Alps ALP 3900.011 species endemic to the Italian Alps and Apennines Italian endemic Alps-Apennines ALAP 3900.10 species endemic to Italy Italian endemic ITAL 3900.01 Afrotropico-Indo-Mediterranean AIM 4.01 Afrotropico-Mediterranean AFM 4.02 Arabian ARA 5.06 Asiatic ASI 5.01 Asiatic-European ASE 1.04 Centralasiatic CAS 5.03 Centralasiatic-European CAE 1.07 Centralasiatic-Europeo-Mediterranean CEM 1.06 Centralasiatic-Mediterranean CAM 1.08 Centraleuropean CEU 2.03 E-European EEU 2.06 E-Mediterranean EME 3.03 European EUR 2.01 Europeo-Mediterranean EUM 1.12 Holarctic OLA 1.01 Indo-Mediterranean INM 4.03 Mediterranean MED 3.01 Mediterraneo-Sindian MES 3.05 N-African NAF 3.04 N-European NEU 2.02 NE-African-Sindian NAS 5.11 Palearctic PAL 1.02 S-European SEU 2.04 SW-Asiatic SWA 1.13 Saharian SAH 5.05 Saharo-Sahclo-Arabian SSA 5.08 Saharo-Sahelo-Sindian SSS 5.09 Saharo-Sindian SAS 5.04 Saharo-Turano-Sindian STS 5.1 Siberian SIB 5.02 Sibero-European SIE 1.05 Subcosmopolitan SCO 0.02 Turanian TUR 5.07 Turano-European TUE 1.1 Turano-Europeo-Mediterranean TEM 1.09 Turano-Mediterranean TUM 1.11 W-European WEU 2.05 W-Mediterranean WME 3.02 W-Palearctic WPA 1.03 Cosmopolitan COS 0.01 Minimal evidence, major disagreement in the case of a replication study Very low confidence Limited evidence, significant disagreement in the case of a replication study. Low confidence Adequate evidence, partial agreement in the case of a replication study. Moderate confidence Strong evidence, mostly agrees with original in the case of a replication study. High confidence Extensive evidence, and high agreement with original in the case of a replication study. Very high confidence The status of a replication study when the results are unclear or inconclusive. Inconclusive The status of a replication study when the new evidence contradicts the original claim. Contradicted The status of a replication study when the claim was not tested, for example because it was outside the study scope. Not tested The status of a replication study when the claim is partially supported with mixed results. Partially supported The status of a replication study when the claim is confirmed and original findings reproduced. Validated the distinction between the surface area of a material that is exposed on the outer particle surface (external surface area) and the surface area located within pores or internal structures of the material External vs internal SA external vs internal surface area of material the layer of proteins that spontaneously adsorbs onto the surface of a nanoparticle when it is exposed to a biological medium Protein corona protein corona of material oxygen consumption reflecting metabolic activity. Respiration rate respiration rate in exposed invertebrate organism stored energy available for metabolism. Energy reserves (lipids, glycogen) energy reserves in exposed invertebrate organism a measure of organism health based on tissue mass relative to size. Condition index (molluscs) condition index (molluscs) in exposed invertebrate organism the volume of water filtered by organisms. Filtration rate filtration rate in exposed invertebrate organism sediment mixing caused by organisms. Sediment bioturbation activity sediment bioturbation activity in exposed invertebrate organism the breakdown of organic material. Leaf litter decomposition rate leaf litter decomposition rate in exposed invertebrate organism reproductive performance across generations Multi-generation reproduction multi-generation reproduction in exposed invertebrate organism the maximum population size an environment can sustain. Carrying capacity (K) carrying capacity in exposed invertebrate population the rate of increase in population size over time Population growth rate (r) population growth rate (r) in exposed invertebrate population microbial growth on organism surfaces influenced by particles. Biofilm formation on cuticle biofilm formation on cuticle in exposed invertebrate organism exoskeleton disruption of molting due to nanoparticle exposure. Molting interference (nano) molting interference in exposed invertebrate organism the binding of particles to external surfaces. Exoskeleton adsorption exoskeleton adsorption in exposed invertebrate organism exoskeleton the retention of particles in digestive tissues. Gut accumulation gut accumulation in exposed invertebrate organism gut the uptake of nanoparticles into organism tissues or cells. Particle internalisation particle internalisation in exposed invertebrate organism the location and concentration of substances across tissues. Tissue distribution tissue distribution in exposed invertebrate organism tissue how quickly a substance is removed from an organism. Elimination rate constant elimination rate constant in exposed invertebrate organism the ratio of the concentration of a substance in an organism to its concentration in the surrounding environmental medium Bioconcentration factor (BCF) bioconcentration factor (bcf) in exposed invertebrate organism the total amount of a substance present within an entire organism, expressed per unit of whole-body mass Whole-body concentration whole-body concentration in exposed invertebrate organism